Globalization and culture
One and
2001Year11Month2Japan, UnitedUNESCO) is31Class meeting has passedUniversal Declaration on Cultural Diversity). Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization secretary general Song-Pu-Huang-Yi-Lang issues speech to say: " in at present international environment, somebody has seen the conflict between culture perhaps. During thisUNESCOIt is that31Class meeting has passed through today in applause" world cultural many shape declarations" , has reiterated such faith from this: The dialogue between culture is peaceful best guarantee , so has negated each culture thoroughly, is unavoidable viewpoint with the conflict between civilization. "[ 1
This speech is taking" cultural conflict"1993In year, American famous politician squeezesThe Clash of Civilizations? ") Yi after Wen, again with this isThe Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order1996). Heng Ting the action " civilized conflict is discussed " of pause summary and the judgment for the new international situation after cold war, when world scope arouses universal attention and intense repercussion: According to "diplomacy", the editor of quarterly magazine says , the 3 years after this writing makes in publication the argument caused has exceeded them since1940Any article published since times; And22Grow different2001Year9Month11Japan and America have occured the most serious incident in history of terrorist attack, this has been considered as the realistic case of " civilized conflict theory" generally. It is that Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization convenes31The time of passing through9.11Terrorist attack afterwards aA clash of cultures) concept direct come9.11" terrorism practice
But actually, in present world," cultural conflict" is the disease of problem obviously only, instead of the crux of problem. All secrets of human society hide invariably the deep layer in political economic structure. So, we following want do say with it that is the explanation of a kind of cultural theory, do not Ning say that is the analysis of a kind of ideology, it is even the analysis of a kind of political economy.
Before this, we see the
Some main pointses
"declaration" regards culture as a complete spirit of a social or clan crowd , implements , the intellectual feature of feelings, besides literature and art, still include life style, common life criterion, value system, tradition and faith.
"declaration" points out , cultural many shapes for mankind as if biological diversity for maintain biological balance is so essential. From this meaning, say that cultural many shapes are the common legacy of mankind , should be recognized and affirmed from the interests consideration of contemporary person and descendants.
"declaration" protection[ 2Altitude, thinking that protect cultural many shapes signify , is for the promise of human rights, freedom and dignity , especially for few clan the promise of the crowd resident rights of original inhabitants. Everybody has right to use the language selected by oneself , expresses thought especially with mother tongue , creates and propagates works.
"declaration" thinks that must be protective , improvement and biography Cheng those all forms of recording human experience and ideal cultural heritage, in order to the creativity of varied promotion, encourage the genuine dialogue between culture.
"declaration" emphasizes especially that points out , present world preceding text melts exchange and the circulation of goods existence the phenomenon of losing weighing apparatus , this is for a kind of threat of cultural many shapes. Must strengthen international cooperation and solidarity, so as make all country, especially developing country with transition issue country, establishment in domestic and world goes up can survival , competitive cultural industry.
3, economic integration
" world cultural many1948Year the world declaration of human rights that passes as well as the other relevant legal documents of the United Nations, see from the concepts such as human rights, freedom and dignity that it emphasizes , its philosophy foundation not outside Hu since Europe modern age universal theory of human nature of humanism.[ 3But the problem faced
90Since times, it is times of the global economic integration and finish of cold war. The essence of economic integration, is western developed country excess capital when global scope free flow , the factor of productions such as labor, land and resource with peripheral country and region, in order to get biggest profit. It is gone to that so, more and more nations, regions and population have been fited to enter it is in the world economic system of center with the West, their tradition production way / life style have to the ruthless logic that expands according to capital has been smashed and reshuffled thoroughly. The essence of capital, is just a small number of people to rely on money this kind of general equivalence thing control and the dominance of realizing for the most person. Marx has a famous writing , has expressed its essence and the case of capital expansion thoroughly:
The capitalist class has destroied all feudal, patriarchal relations like idyll in the place in which it has gotten dominance. It is broken to chop with ruthless it tie people in the feudalism of the shape color of natural senior officer trammels, it makes between popular support person only stark naked interests, except cruel ruthless "sale for cash", also have no any other contact again. It the religious devout zeal of knight and these sentimental feelings of petty bourgeois is sacred to arouse , in flooding in egoism the ice water of plan. It has become the dignity of person to exchange value , has replaced countless special permission with a kind of trading freedom that has no conscience and the freedom earned from force.
The capitalist class has wiped the professional clever light that everything worships and makes one revere always by person. It has become the doctor, lawyer, priest, poet and scholar it makes money to recruit the person of wage labor that hires.[ 4
That is said, the expansion of capital shatters all original social relations, the culture of all original shape colors, the relation of a kind of "sale for cash" that takes it over, a kind of unitary modern "culture" with individualism and consumerism as purpose.
We know that any a kind of culture is a set of idea / symbolism , that is said, is some production the expression of the idea symbol of / life style. If certain production / life style has been just been thorough to change , so, the culture attached composed on it must be uprooted therewith. Skin do not store , does Mao Jiang Yan attach? Global economic integration has also caused the crisis of traditional national culture while shattering each national original way and social relation of producing , should say that" world cultural many shape declarations" is only for the urgent reaction of this crisis.
However, a kind of culture once have lost as the production of its mother's body / life style, it is water without a source , has no the wood of book. Now, no matter how advocate and protect , since saying in principle, it does not be those alive culture of life and growth in nature , can only the existence of the, specimen type that is some museum to melt, or the part that becomes the modern amusement field of tourist industry controled by capital logic becomes shameful cultural forgery. Today Moscow red site. Former Soviet group disintegrate , making people thorough have lost another kind of field of vision , have lost the possibility of another kind of choice and reference, so fall into globalness lose language state. In such historical difficult condition, " cultural many shapes " have acted as the language of a kind of temporary replacingness.[ 1The information concerning" world culturalWww.unesco.org.
4, modernness
When globalization times traditional national cultural filling crisis, this has become the common recognition of international community. But what is satirical is that at the same time, globalization self is also faced with difficult condition. The whole world that accompanies capital expands , what people see is that society breaks up , is poor and rich to oppose , is financial crisis , deflation, resource is exhausted and environmental to collapse , as well as the universal survival pressure in modern industrial and commercial society, the anxiety of individual , is lonely and tense.
As source environment1860Year1985In year, the consumption60Time. This kind of1860Year so far, the1980Year1998Year20Hottest one year of century. Among the energy of commercial1.3Person possesses a automobile,50100 million automobiles.1998Annual petroleum verified43Year.[ 5That is said, until this century middle period, we may be faced
What at the same time take place with economic integration is unilateral doctrine politics. Economic integration and unilateral doctrine are political , or say that international capital and hegemony are a kind of complex relations between country. But in any case, the multinational flow of and monopoly capital appearance is consistent, hegemony country also is the unification of leading global politics. This kind of unilateral doctrine politics disregards complexity and many shapes of the world historical tradition, national relation and social environment of various countries, rude interference other domestic Zheng, even start war wantonly for the strategic interests of self , have at the same time also evoked strong rebound, this is when global scope forms the guerrilla war of " terrorism " of threat. However, by the global anti-terrorism ideology banner that becomes the politics of unilateral doctrine on the contrary that this causes , so, have aggravated the tendency of world political unification.
The economy-Political reality makes one disappointed and-Political reality when cultural layer surface , the response made from cultural angle. Using Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization secretary general Song-Pu-Huang-Yi-Lang's is to avoid through negotiating " the conflict between culture" in words , " make globalization have human nature"(To Humanise globalisation). Therefore, people just turn pay attention to and defend those former modern traditional nations that still remain with human nature to warm up culture, hope to go with cultural many shapes balance even the unification tendencies of politics and confrontation economy, with the completely different culture of many shapes going alleviation and Liao save the crisis of modernness self.
The ideology meaning
But rely on cultural many shapes only to be impossible to change the reality of economic integration and unilateral doctrine politics , have lacked economic many shapes and political many shapes, cultural many shapes can not also exist alone. The weapon of criticism can not replace the criticism of weapon , has no overall transform of global political economic system, cultural problem can not be solved in isolation. Actually90Since times, facing the reality of globalization, people need reference and the choice of another kind of powerful political economic system as well as ideology. But the collapse of original Soviet socialist group makes people have lost this field of vision thoroughly, have lost the possibility of another kind of choice and reference , so have fallen into the state " lose language" of some globalness, make the genuine desire of people and tell to beg to have no way of expression.
For a long time, in world, scope and political economic field often lack healthy strength or expression, is weak and lack of power , negative have no is. Is just in such historical difficult condition, " cultural many shapes " have acted as the language of a kind of temporary replacingness. Advocate and protect cultural many shapes , signify to preserve the human experience and wisdom that these cultural places condense , signify to preserve some memory , preserve the production of mankind about former capitalist or non capitalism-The memory of life style, so-The possibility of life style. This
2003Year10Month, French the president32He appeals to establish as soon as possible concerning the international pact of cultural many shapes,since he falls due meeting. Because" world cultural many shape declarations" have shown a kind of common intention of international community only, the international pact of and relevant cultural many shapes the law that will have more extensively binding. Chirac says that has got such a pact, mankind may face those attempts of assimilating people better, this kind of attempt overlook the tradition of different nation, try hard to reach to enslave and assimilate the purpose of different nation. He and then world multipolarization and cultural many shapes are mentioned in the same breath , have expressed clearly to hide when" cultural many shapes" language the political intention of behind.
[ 2" law makesAn ethical imperative) is Kang De the important concept of philosophy, when Kang De looks , morals law makes is for any have the principle that rational person is suitable for , it is a kind of unconditional, mandatory absolute command, that must obey. See also Li Ze Hou: " criticize the criticism of philosophy - - Kang De review "( revised edition) " 8th Zhang Ethics is studied:1984Annual
[ 3Universal theory and cultural many shapes of human nature contained about "declaration", or between its philosophy basic and its reality tells to beg contradiction, since being concerned with the problem of another dimension degree, this text does not be discussed temporarily.
[ 4It is the first volume of that1972In year,253Page.
[ 5See An Wei Hua , money snow plum2000In year,19Page. About world petroleum, the time
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