What is cultural industry

Culture includes cultural undertakings and cultural industry. The 16 big reports of party put forward the problem " develop cultural undertakings and cultural industry actively" clearly. Report is put forward clearly , will develop cultural industry actively , strengthens competitiveness and the overall strength of the cultural industry of our country , and is emphasized , developing cultural industry is that market economic condition takes off prosperous socialist culture , satisfy the important channel of people spiritual cultural demand.

In 2004, the National Bureau of Statistics has established on the foundation with the relevant department common research of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council" cultural and related industrial classification", from the national actual condition concerning policy policy and subject group that research combines our country purpose limiting cultural and related industrial concept is: The campaign that offers cultural, amusement product and service for social the public, as well as the set of campaign that united concerning these campaigns.

According to this

1 , the campaign of the amusement product of the form cultural product of material object that offers for social the public, such as publishing etc., produce and the publications of books and newspaper.

2, offer the cultural service and amusement service that may be participated in and selected for social the public, such as the service of broadcasting and television, film service and literature and art performance service etc..

3, offer the services such as cultural management

4, offer culture , amusement product place must

5, offer culture , amusement service place must the production of equipment and appliance and sales campaign, the productions such as the film equipment and equipment of broadcasting and television operation campaign.

6, move about with the other

Cultural

Since cultural industry is a more new concept, so, what is cultural industry, various opinions. Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unites board of inquiry with the cultural industry of the composition of the Ministry of Culture, make the investigation on-the-spot in 2001 for domestic partial province cities, and on the foundation of each province practice of summary thinking that cultural industry denotes is engaged in the cultural product operation of producing and offering cultural service profession. Cultural industry is the important composition part of cultural construction, concerning the cultural industrial two of program for public good, have formed the content of cultural construction together. Cultural industry includes the fields such as cultural artistic, cultural publication, radio, film and television and cultural travel mainly. I think this limit accord with reality comparatively, also coincide basically with the exploration of international economy circle.

It is cultural undertakings and cultural industry to divide culture , it is international , domestic studies the common recognition of circle and political circles. But for the distinguishing points of both, now, academic circle still lacks the discussion in-depth, some scientific papers, news reports, government files and leading speeches are also not very strict for the distinguishing points of both , have a lot overlapping place , have culture to classify the category of cultural undertakings , again classify cultural industrial category.

Cultural industry has a development

First stage, cultural industry that people know well and that Frankfurt school criticizes , at that time, European intellectual circles claim that American culture is " cultural industry" , take stern criticism attitude.

Second stage, with the times China of 1990 years, incorporate merger to mark that America begins to implement the policy " non control melts " for various mediums, making resemble times China to fit such enormous type cultural industrial organization have arisen large-scale combined tendency , and begin to march to international market. This makes some countries of Europe, for example picture France, on culture, feel threat, they have put forward cultural industry therefore as a kind of national reply strategy.

3th stage is discussed recently relatively , when economic globalization, head especially with America under, the new tendency of economic growth, world countries have developed culture strategy has become a kind of national development strategy. Cultural development and cultural industrial development develop strategic beginning as country, is approved by world countries, minimum is in those have determined to join in world economic system get those countries

We may is taking production and the creation of cultural meaning as the basic definition of cultural industry, according to the different link of this kind of production, distinguish it to make " cultural meaning the very creation and sales " and " the product of load cultural meaning duplication and propagation ", as well as " give all production campaigns and products with cultural mark " the definition with again different 3. When finally a definition appears in social life, a major development tendency shows: Have entered " rear industrial times" , is not materialness for the globalization development that knowledge economy promotes , consumption and the exchange of symbol have become the increase field of the typical case that surmounts nation state, cultural competition has become the major field of the competition of overall national strength.

Above-mentioned concept has the country of its corresponding sex where history develops stage and has its corresponding sex under the background of the modern world disequilibrium of economic growth. First concept is most traditional, resemble the country our country, so far still when use" cultural artistic institution" come to point at name cultural industry, may belong to in which. Second concept is the outcome that enters industrial society , forms especially in this century , is a kind of market protective measure in the country that carries out the economy of market generally , because of the discrepancy of cultural industrial development level and is put forward. The cultural industrial policy of European country is such arising. It is signified actually that 3th concept has been close actually in the country of cultural industrial concept that clears up and advocates this kind of cultural industrial concept , " their cultural industry " have become the main part of " with knowledge is basic economy " , and have occupied advantage position on international market. America need not discuss the problem of cultural industry, have no overlord because the cultural medium of America is huge have been unmanned to be equal.

The concept of cultural industry serves essentially in the national enforcement of " industrial policy ", put forward the concept " cultural industry", essentially, signify to need to have the aid of in the strength of national policy , support the cultural undertakings of a country with extraordinary way development and transition. " cultural industry" concept put forward cannot do not realize this meaning.

The basic

3 cultural industrial heavy definitions have demonstrated in a certain meaning actually, world economic development has passed a culture and industry to be close constantly, so that the process that coincides or mixes together. This shows , develops cultural industry , adopts corresponding policy consciously , makes culture develop , have become a kind of trend and tendency with national economic construction synchronism, cannot not is, also have to is.

Say specifically that international

1, the service of traditional industry melts: The description that usually develops for industry is so called " first industry, second industry, 3th industry ", economic modern degree is expressed with the degree that " 3th industry " develop i.e. the degree of the development of service industry. Present world goes up most developed country, the 80% in GDP already source service industry, service industry controls role for tradition from manufacturing. About in last 10 years the analysis of the differences of economic growth of America and Japan( see reference news, April 10,2000 ), think that America is economic with Japanese economy in recent years difference, reason lies in the development degree of service economy;

2, service industry is better educated: The degree of the economic development of developed country not only lies in the amount proportion of service economy, and lie in to serve the very economy nature have occured change, it is taking knowledge as basic service industry to be on leading position increasingly. In the service country of also developed economy, the difference of American and other countries( as European country) lies in that the service economy of America has the feature of " new economy " increasingly, have promoted the power of American economy after becoming with the information service with knowledge of foundation. In which, especially is taking "E-business" as representative " network economy" have acted major role. The American estimate of Department of Commerce, E-business has influenced the 30% of gross domestic product. ( see reference news, April 7,2000);

3 , the person of knowledge industry culture, analyse again further, when is taking America as representative in most developed country, when promotion these national economic increases take main effect in " with knowledge is basic information service field ", the tendency of cultural person is more and more obvious. So, the industry of modern culture more and more becomes the main part with knowledge as basic service industry. For instance. In America, cultural amusement industry( as movie and television and voice and video) has become biggest export profession , also more and more becomes promotion in domestic and cover the super industry of countries people economic industrial department department.

4 , cultural industrial networking, for culture industrial self, as technical foundation more and more turns to multi-media digitization technology, economic foundation more and more turns to network economy( modern risk capital market), more and more surpass the appearance of the industry of traditional culture , become the industry for tradition to produce control influence , is for the strength of the most important transform role from the overall appearance of economy.

Therefore tradition is economic to serve to melt , service economic better educated, knowledge economic person culture, cultural industrial networking, this has formed international industrial development to move towards basically. The future " new economy" is " the cultural knowledge economy of person".

The major influence

International industrial development has its built-in logic order, but this kind of stage development process still has two increasingly outstanding features, " the logic overlay on space", with" the acceleration on time". Former a feature is pointed at , because of economic increasing globalization, go to a country specifically, often is former a stage development no ample completion, rear one development stage " convenient overlay " on it, also reduce the necessariness that former a stage develops , so after arising basis, a history develops the condition of the logic relation that needs reshuffle economic development of stage( for example, network appearance afterwards, the importance of the broadcasting film television as well as magazine of the press has droped ); A rear feature denotes , the invention of new technology and the speed of propagation are more and more rapid, therefore under the background of economic globalization, the more rear hair country, the more can directly use newest technical accomplishment , make its industrial upgrade speed more and more rapid, the speed of economic development is the more rapid( expression when need not carry out investment according to original scale for traditional industry).

So, arise a possibility: Is in knowledge economic times , the rear hair on economy country, the possible adjustment that passes through industrial policy over, is more and more in same starting point with advanced country. This may become " rear hair advantage " a reason of theory.

We should be under this viewpoint , the rear discovery acting

With above-mentioned viewpoint, the economic

1, should change the orthodox idea of " China is a resource poor country ". Because see only from the angle of natural resource that China is a possession country of average per capita of extremely poor resource , but sees from the angle of humanity resource, we have 5000 years do not be disconnected the civilized history of development, and its rich culture loses to store the cultural customs of thing and very characteristic , these cultural resources will more and more have the value of economic development. Our country is the unique resource large country on world. More and more become international travel only with travel industry for the regular historical cultural historic site of China to attract thing , its potential value can not be appraised. In the times of " new economy ", China will be qualified again to become " resource large country".

2 , should change is from the orthodox idea of the angle appraisement level of economic growth of our country of " material production " merely. Because can not already appraise only from the angle of the amount of material product the level of economic growth of a country. For some traditional industries( have especially arisen productivity the industry that excesses ), should redesign future development with the viewpoint that lower reaches melt , and should transform into gradually for the high-tech industry of those representative development directions appraise with cultural content as its value main part. For instance in, the communication field in tradition, openness " receive to enter " will replace service increasingly with "service" means, become the biggest growth point of industrial development.

3 finally, should change to create for culture , propagate and accept the view of " nonproductive " of campaign. Since a lot of industries will more and more rely on cultural symbol to add value for its production, cultural activity are from creation , produce and propagation , arrive to accept have had more and more big economic value , it relies on that the "career" nature of national support will be more and more desalinized , country need not also restrict through financial appropriation with the management way of "institution" for it again. At this time, if say that need the positive role of country, it should be a kind of support of nature of " industrial policy " , makes the unit and individual who is engaged in cultural work link as soon as possible with market. Want speech , it is to form " haematogenesis mechanism" instead of continuing "blood transfusion".

Have realized ideological change, we

First, cultural industry

Though the level of economic growth of our country is still not high, industrial development is still in the stage from primary industry to the development of secondary industry , just appears merely from the tendency that secondary industry develops to tertiary industry, but many persons have seen that the cultural industry of our country is mixing together with many traditional industry quickly, it is increased that this kind of combination has produced huge promotion role for traditional industry , makes its value quick. For instance: The clothing design field of our country been rising abruptly , popularity and the product class of raise traditional clothing field produce huge additional value for traditional clothing field. Advertising field, tourist industry etc. and culture are its vitality place. Recently, traditional industry and the quick combination of network field of " new economy " are cultural industries have opened up more wide field with the combination of traditional industry.

In recent years, the price competition of the durable family electronic consumer goods of our country recovers to develop to recover row, " do subtraction " have seemingly become to get only a magic weapon of survival advantage. Actually, how to the demand that we consider consumer really carefully, as soon as consideration takes off feelings and the pursuit of modern person for life, we may get competitive advantage with humanity design and technical innovation completely, still have great development actually in this respect space.

The cultural symbol of representative eastern culture

Secondly, cultural industry

According to our research, the development of knowledge economy makes the industry of " high technology " can not more and more develop independently , but is to become " high technology" unite the industry of marriage with" high culture". Cultural industry is more and more becoming the "content" of high-tech industry , and high-tech industry becomes the "carrier" of these cultural industries. Obviously, in the tendency that this one develops , cultural industry becomes value main part increasingly. For example, the profession of America partition standard has altered the definition of information industry from message carrier( hardware production) is " message content", as the press and publishing, broadcasting and television and message amusement product, this alter change message field into cultural industry.

In recent years, the communication industrial development of our country has arisen a lot of arguments, about " beginning packs cost " and " words cost ", etc. subject has aroused plenty of discussions. Telecommunications field charge has become the bottleneck of the network economic development of our country high obviously. Actually, here is concerned with the knowledge for that communication field worths main part problem. Refering to the tendency that world develops , communication industrial profit area will turn to increasingly along with the quick increase of bandwidth " hyperplasia to serve " , is also message cultural content service. European has put forward the viewpoint of " message social second development stage " , thinks that will arise on this one develops stage " content revolution", the life and death of message cultural content that offer the company that will decide to manage medium means. The communication field of our country develops tendency if not notice this one, will is joining WTO , is faced with international competitive situation, lose best development opportunity.

Nobody will think that builds a market of general merchandise, should receive fund through receiving the back and forth of entrance ticket, why does somebody of course think that should make investment through taking the receipt communication industry of back and forth of " words cost " and " net cost "?

Is final, the cultural industry with new-type creation

The cultural industry of our country is still small and weak, industrial overall "transition" still goes on , but actually, various burgeoning cultural industrial classes have produced , have offered plenty of new employment opportunities for our this one to be in the society in transition. Specific expression unites marriage to be having realized high technology and high culture afterwards, self changes to" cultural service industry" , and with the form of cultural service industry to have other profession infiltration. As message amusement field, offer personalized amusement service; As network service industry, offer individual information service , offer educational and training service as educational service industry; As consulting service industry, it is enterprise and is personal to offer etc. and the solving schema of commercial individuation;

According to above-mentioned analysis, contemporary cultural industry will be to go deep into step by step for the influence of national economy, till the role that plays the part of overall control. Cultural industry should be known completely for the increased contribution rate of national economy again.

The feature of

The huge influence of cultural industry concentration expression on the development of international cultural industrial organization. According to our research, the development of international cultural industrial organization has shown some brand-new features , is worth for us to study and refer to:

1. Modern international cultural industrial organization already over establishment the technical foundation in "digitization", may realize to have no cost duplication and propagation and individuation and move mutual type service, multi-media interface, fictitious reality and life permeate , etc.;

2. Modern international cultural industrial organization has the feature " scale is economic". Large scale internationalization multinational cultural medium tycoon carries out big input on the produce of cultural product , and sells network through internationalization , realizes high-production and high profit;

3. Modern international cultural industrial organization has the feature " scope economy". Large scale internationalization cultural medium tycoon carries out the combination of inter-industry various operation and inter-industry and super competition in order to realize scope economic profit and etc.;

4. Modern international cultural industrial organization has the feature " network economy". Large scale internationalization cultural medium tycoon has the aid of in the financial lever of network economy and modern capital market , realizes the integration of fast degree and the expansion of low cost , is for the overall transformation of the industry of traditional culture. ( for example, times China fits and American online merger)

The network economic feature of modern international cultural industrial organization is worth for us to pay attention especially. Somebody summarizes network economic development , is 3 stages: Attention economic stage, content economic stage, E-business stage. This may regard as approximately: Attract to invest in and integrate resource , form 3 market stages. Via this 3 stages, the process of entire economic transition is completed , network is economic( new economy) have the aid of this risk capital market modern financial lever, have strid across former needs for tens of years time the economic transition that then can complete. In this process, cultural industry quick superficial effluent surface, go when most front row.

When in the past market economy to market economy transition period, capital primitive accumulation has been completed using the lever role of national administrative power for the transition of entire economy. This shows in national credit expansion, the external large amount goods that start war and use war goods and material nourish large scale capitalist enterprise , eliminate the guild of handicraft industry thoroughly. " it is new and economic" transition use is capital market as well as the financial instruments that form , in momentary time, complete change quickly, its basic feature is the same.